by Padini Nirmal

About Padini Nirmal

Padini Nirmal is a doctoral student at Clark University. Her doctoral research focuses on the dispossession of indigenous peoples by the development-capitalism-modernity complex and the resistance movements that emerge at its juncture in Kerala, India. Broadly, her research interests lie within political ecology, feminism, and critical development studies.

Culture

The popular understanding of culture in mid-twentieth-century America and Europe was arguably the symphony orchestra, the ballet, the art museum, and a “national” white, elite etiquette dictating, and explaining, how people should behave. Since the mid-1960s, we have witnessed the production and recognition of a proliferation of “cultures” and “multiculturalisms” within popular culture and informal political and economic institutions. Current usage is replete with compound cultures: counterculture; pop culture; office culture; indigenous culture; urban culture; peasant culture; global culture; “mainstream” culture; and “other-cultures.”