The very presence of media studies in the academy was not a foregone conclusion; it is an effect of changing conceptions of taste over time. Many kinds of media— especially commercial media consumed by broad audiences—were usually beneath consideration, except perhaps as causes of individual or social problems, until the last decades of the twentieth century. Shifting understandings of taste have led to the existence of media studies, and to particular approaches, including taking cultural distinction itself as an object of study. Several influential conceptions of taste have shaped the field. In _Critique of Judgement_ (1790/2007), Immanuel Kant equated taste with the judgment of beauty, and identified beauty as a universally acknowledged quality found in nature and in fine art. In the nineteenth century, literary critic Matthew Arnold (1869/2006, viii) applied similar qualifications to a definition of culture as “the best that has been thought and said,” a line of thought central to the premises of formal education worldwide. Each of these thinkers took as universal the values and tastes that were products of their privileged social positions. Dominant Western conceptions of art and culture fell in line with these assumptions well into the twentieth century. With the growth and...