by Michael Joseph

about Michael Joseph

Michael Joseph is the editor of Gravesiana: The Journal of the Robert Graves Society. Recent publications include “‘Like Snow in a Dark Night’: Exile and Displacement in the Poetics of Robert Graves” in Book 2.0 (2018) and “The Winding Road to Illo Tempore: Fairy Tale Poems” in The Companion to Fairy-Tale Cultures and Media (2018). He is the author of several illustrated books for children, including The Real Story of Puss in Boots (2007), La Nouvelle Chatte, or The New White Cat (2013), and Puss in Boots on Mars (2017). From 1998 to 2020, he was the Rare Books Librarian at Rutgers University.

Liminality

The phenomenon of liminality appears in the earliest children’s texts, but the term itself is a coinage from Scottish anthropologist Victor Turner (1969), who drew on _liminaire_, a term used by Arnold Van Gennep in his ethnographical writings on preindustrial societies to designate the middle, transitional stage of a three-stage paradigmatic rite of passage: “rites which accompany every change of place, state, social position and age” (quoted in Turner 1969, 94). Joseph Campbell adapted this construct as a basis for _The Hero with a Thousand Faces_ (1949), an example of Turner’s long shadow on literary studies. _Liminality_ describes the quality of being socially segregated, set apart, and divested of status and relates to characteristics and qualities associated with this condition: indeterminacy, ambiguity, selflessness, and becomingness among them. Though Turner gives the Latin _limen_ as its root, _liminality_’s origins precede the early Bronze Age in the Egyptian word for “port,” “harbor,” “haven,” and “port city”—_mni_—which appears during the second millennium BC in the Middle Kingdom and later becomes transposed into the Greek _limen_, also meaning “harbor.” As Campbell adapted the rite of passage to a Jungian interpretation of myth and fantasy, Turner adapted liminality to the study of religious patterns in...