by Joan Martinez-Alier
Environmentalism(s)
The three main currents of environmentalism could be named as the Cult of Wilderness, the Gospel of Eco-Efficiency, and the Mantra of Environmental Justice (together with the Environmentalism of the Poor). The religious overtones are justified by the fervor with which the faithful defend their own positions. Those currents are as three big branches of a single tree or three cross-cutting streams of the same river. There are many possibilities of collaboration among them, but there are also substantial cleavages.