Gender is a socially produced category that derives from the essentialization of bodily difference located in chromosomes, hormones, and genitals. These “sex differences,” while not completely dimorphic, are often treated as such—in science, law, and public realms. Gender binaries function within many communities, nations, and cultures to govern individual expression and comportment, roles, and life trajectory. An individual assigned the sex “male” at birth is presumed not only to claim the gender identity of “man” but to also be masculine in expression and presentation; the same is true of “female,” “woman,” and femininity. Scholars in gender, queer, and trans studies have critiqued the role Western biomedicine has played in reinforcing sex and gender structures and pathologizing the gender identities of nonbinary and trans communities. Medical doctors categorize infants according to genital size (used as the basis for assigning sex at birth) and routinely surgically alter infants who do not fall neatly into the binary (Dreger 2000; Fausto-Sterling 2000). US clinicians and researchers have used the American Psychiatric Association’s _Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders_ (through its five iterations) to render trans people as suffering from “gender identity disorder” (fourth edition) and, in the fifth edition, the somewhat less stigmatizing...