The dominant modern meaning of _audience_ refers to the viewers of an entertainment or readers of a book. According to the _OED_, such usages date to before 1387 (for a performance) and to 1760 (for a book or writer). Other early meanings including “the range or sphere of hearing,” or being within a person’s hearing, date to before 1393. Derived from the Latin _aud_ī_re_, “to hear,” the term has a special resonance for children’s literature because the youngest children are not readers but auditors of literature, truly an audience. Indeed, the broad term _audience_ better captures the many ways in which children consume literature—and other aspects of culture—than does _reader_, the term generally preferred in literary criticism. Raymond Williams (1976, 1983b) did not include _audience_ in his _Keywords_. The term does receive an entry in _New Keywords_, edited by Tony Bennett, Lawrence Grossberg, and Meaghan Morris (2005): David Morley’s account focuses almost entirely on the audience for mass media, especially addressing the extent to which such an audience is passively susceptible to or actively shapes the messages received. A popular approach in cultural criticism has been to assume that children lack agency and to castigate the media, arguing that our...